segunda-feira, 3 de fevereiro de 2014

Phrasal Verbs



Phrasal verb (ou verbo preposicionado) é uma composição formada por um verbo + advérbio ou um verbo + preposição. Seu sentido é distinto do verbo isolado. Por exemplo: o verbo to find significa encontrar. to find out  significa descobrir. Quer dizer, um simples advérbio ou preposição tem o poder de alterar completamente uma frase. Grandes erros de tradução são cometidos por traduzirem um phrasal verb ao pé da letra.

A seguir, uma extensa tabela de phrasal verbs, com seu significado e exemplo.
                 
Verbo
Significado
Exemplo
ask someone out
Convidar para sair
Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a movie.
ask around
Fazer a mesma pergunta a muitas pessoas
I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet.
add up to something
Totalizar
Your purchases add up to $205.32.
back something up
Dar marcha a ré
You'll have to back up your car so that I can get out.
back someone up
Apoiar
My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job.
blow up
Explodir
The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fence.
blow something up
Encher de ar
We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party.
break down
Parar de funcionar (veículo, máquina)
Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm.
break down
Ficar perturbado
The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died.
break something down
Dividir em partes menores
Our teacher broke the final project down into three separate parts.
break in
Forçar a entrada em um edifício
Somebody broke in last night and stole our stereo.
break into something
Entrar à força
The firemen had to break into the room to rescue the children.
break something in
Usar alguma coisa algumas vezes de modo que não pareça novo
I need to break these shoes in before we run next week.
break in
Interromper
The TV station broke in to report the news of the president's death.
break up
Terminar um relacionamento
My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America.
break up
Começar a rir (informal)
The kids just broke up as soon as the clown started talking.
break out
Escapar
The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren't looking.
break out in something
Desenvolver um problema de pele
I broke out in a rash after our camping trip.
bring someone down
Tornar alguém infeliz
This sad music is bringing me down.
bring someone up
Criar alguém (uma criança)
My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.
bring something up
Levantar um assunto
My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports.
bring something up
Vomitar
He drank so much that he brought his dinner up in the toilet.
call around
Telefonar para muitos lugares ou pessoas diferentes
We called around but we weren't able to find the car part we needed.
call someone back
Retornar um telefonema
I called the company back but the offices were closed for the weekend.
call something off
Cancelar
Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancé.
call on someone
Pedir uma resposta ou opinião
The professor called on me for question 1.
call on someone
Visitar alguém
We called on you last night but you weren't home.
call someone up
Telefonar
Give me your phone number and I will call you up when we are in town.
calm down
Acalmar-se
You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car.
catch up
Alcançar alguém
You'll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty.
check in
Registrar-se em um hotel ou aeroporto
We will get the hotel keys when we check in.
check out
Deixar um hotel
You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM.
check someone/something out
Observar cuidadosamente, investigar
The company checks out all new employees.
check out someone/something
Olhar para (informal)
Check out the crazy hair on that guy!
cheer up
Alegrar-se
She cheered up when she heard the good news.
cheer someone up
Alegrar alguém
I brought you some flowers to cheer you up.
chip in
Ajudar
If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by noon.
clean something up
Arrumar algo
Please clean up your bedroom before you go outside.
come across something
Descobrir algo inesperadamente
I came across these old photos when I was tidying the closet.
come apart
Separar
The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough.
come down with something
Adoecer
My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekend.
come forward
Voluntariar-se para uma tareva ou dar prova
The woman came forward with her husband's finger prints.
come from somewhere
Originar-se em
The art of origami comes from Asia.
count on someone/something
Contar com
I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out.
cross something out
Riscar algo
Please cross out your old address and write your new one.
cut back on something
Consumir menos
My doctor wants me to cut back on sweets and fatty foods.
cut something down
Cortar/derrubar (uma árvore, p. ex.)
We had to cut the old tree in our yard down after the storm.
cut in
interromper
Your father cut in while I was dancing with your uncle.
cut in
Cortar (um carro no trânsito)
The bus driver got angry when that car cut in.
cut in
Começar a funcionar (uma máquina ou aparelho elétrico)
The air conditioner cuts in when the temperature gets to 22°C.
cut something off
Remover com algo afiado
The doctors cut off his leg because it was severely injured.
cut something off
Cortar um serviço
The phone company cut off our phone because we didn't pay the bill.
cut someone off
Tirar de um testamento
My grandparents cut my father off when he remarried.
cut something out
Remover parte de algo (geralmente com tesoura e papel)
I cut this ad out of the newspaper.
do something over
Refazer algo (Inglês americano)
My teacher wants me to do my essay over because she doesn't like my topic.
do away with something
Descartar
It's time to do away with all of these old tax records.
do something up
Abotoar/fechar
Do your coat up before you go outside. It's snowing!
dress up
Usar boa roupa
It's a fancy restaurant so we have to dress up.
drop in/by/over
Come without an appointment
I might drop in/by/over for tea sometime this week.
drop someone/something off
Levar alguém/algo a algum lugar e deixá-lo lá
I have to drop my sister off at work before I come over.
drop out
Desistir de um curso ou escola
I dropped out of Science because it was too difficult.
eat out
Comer em um restaurante
I don't feel like cooking tonight. Let's eat out.
end up
finalmente alcançar, fazer, decidir
We ended up renting a movie instead of going to the theatre.
fall down
Cair no chão
The picture that you hung up last night fell down this morning.
fall out
Cair de dentro de algo
The money must have fallen out of my pocket.
figure something out
Compreender, encontrar a resposta
I need to figure out how to fit the piano and the bookshelf in this room.
fill something in
Preencher espaços com informações (em um formulário) (Inglês britânico)
Please fill in the form with your name, address, and phone number.
fill something out
Preencher espaços com informações (em um formulário) (Inglês americano)
The form must be filled out in capital letters.
fill something up
Encher algo
I always fill the water jug up when it is empty.
find out
Descobrir
We don't know where he lives. How can we find out?
find something out
Descobrir algo
We tried to keep the time of the party a secret, but Samantha found it out.
get something across/over
Comunicar, tornar compreensível
I tried to get my point across/over to the judge but she wouldn't listen.
get along/on
Dar-se bem
I was surprised how well my new girlfriend and my sister got along/on.
get around
Ter mobilidade
My grandfather can get around fine in his new wheelchair.
get away
Sair em férias
We worked so hard this year that we had to get away for a week.
get away with something
Fazer algo sem ser percebido ou punido
Jason always gets away with cheating in his maths tests.
get back
Retornar
We got back from our vacation last week.
get something back
Receber algo que você já tinha antes
Liz finally got her Science notes back from my room-mate.
get back at someone
Retaliar, vingar-se
My sister got back at me for stealing her shoes. She stole my favourite hat.
get back into something
Voltar a interessar-se por algo
I finally got back into my novel and finished it.
get on something
Entrar num veículo
We're going to freeze out here if you don't let us get on the bus.
get over something
Recuperar-se de uma doença, perda, dificuldade
I just got over the flu and now my sister has it.
get over something
Superar/resolver um problema
The company will have to close if it can't get over the new regulations.
get round to something
Finalmente encontrar tempo para fazer algo
I don't know when I am going to get round to writing the thank you cards.
get together
Encontrar (geralmente por razões sociais)
Let's get together for a BBQ this weekend.
get up
Levantar-se (da cama)
I got up early today to study for my exam.
get up
Levantar-se
You should get up and give the elderly man your seat.
give someone away
Revelar informações oculta sobre alguém
His wife gave him away to the police.
give someone away
Levar a noiva ao altar
My father gave me away at my wedding.
give something away
Estragar um segredo
My little sister gave the surprise party away by accident.
give something away
Dar algo a alguém de graça
The library was giving away old books on Friday.
give something back
Devolver algo que se tomou emprestado
I have to give these skates back to Franz before his hockey game.
give in
Abandonar relutantemente uma briga ou discussão
My boyfriend didn't want to go to the ballet, but he finally gave in.
give something out
dar a muitas pessoas (geralmente sem custo)
They were giving out free perfume samples at the department store.
give something up
Abandonar um hábito
I am giving up smoking as of January 1st.
give up
Parar de tentar
My maths homework was too difficult so I gave up.
go after someone
Seguir alguém
My brother tried to go after the thief in his car.
go after something
Tentar alcançar algo
I went after my dream and now I am a published writer.
go against someone
Competir, opor-se a
We are going against the best soccer team in the city tonight.
go ahead
Vá em frente
Please go ahead and eat before the food gets cold.
go back
Retornar a um lugar
I have to go back home and get my lunch.
go out
Sair de casa para um evento social
We're going out for dinner tonight.
go over something
Rever
Please go over your answers before you submit your test.
go over
Visitar alguém
I haven't seen Tina for a long time. I think I'll go over for an hour or two.
go without something
Sofrer privação
When I was young, we went without winter boots.
grow apart
Perder a amizade com o tempo
My best friend and I grew apart after she changed schools.
grow back
Crescer novamente
My roses grew back this summer.
grow up
Tornar-se adulto
When Jack grows up he wants to be a fireman.
grow out of something
Ficar grande demais para algo
Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoes because she has grown out of her old ones.
grow into something
Crescer o suficiente para poder usar algo
This bike is too big for him now, but he should grow into it by next year.
hand something down
Dar algo usado a alguém
I handed my old comic books down to my little cousin.
hand something in
Entregar algo
I have to hand in my essay by Friday.
hand something out
Distribuir a um grupo de pessoas
We will hand out the invitations at the door.
hand something over
Dar algo (geralmente de má vontade)
The police asked the man to hand over his wallet and his weapons.
hang in
Ser positive em relação a algo (Inglês americano, informal)
Hang in there. I'm sure you'll find a job very soon.
hang on
Esperar um pouquinho (informal)
Hang on while I grab my coat and shoes!
hang up
Desligar o telefone
He didn't say goodbye before he hung up.
hold someone/something back
Impedir alguém de fazer algo ou ir a algum lugar
I had to hold my dog back because there was a cat in the park.
hold something back
Esconder uma emoção
Jamie held back his tears at his grandfather's funeral.
hold on
Aguardar
Please hold on while I transfer you to the Sales Department.
hold onto someone/something
Segurar firmemente com as duas mãos ou braços
Hold onto your hat because it's very windy outside.
hold someone/somethingup
Assaltar
A man in a black mask held the bank up this morning.
keep on doing something
Continuar a fazer
Keep on stirring until the liquid comes to a boil.
keep something from someone
Não contar
We kept our relationship from our parents for two years.
keep someone/something out
Impedir de entrar
Try to keep the wet dog out of the living room.
keep something up
Continuar no mesmo ritmo
If you keep those results up you will get into a great college.
let someone down
Desapontar alguém
I need you to be on time. Don't let me down this time.
let someone in
Deixar alguém entrar
Can you let the cat in before you go to school?
log in (or on)
Entrar (em um site ou banco de dados, tec.)
I can't log in to Facebook because I've forgotten my password.
log out (or off)
sair (de um site, banco de dados, etc.)
If you don't log off somebody could get into your account.
look after someone/something
Cuidar de
I have to look after my sick grandmother.
look down on someone
Considerer alguém inferior
Ever since we stole that chocolate bar your dad has looked down on me.
look for someone/something
Tentar encontrar
I'm looking for a red dress for the wedding.
look forward to something
Aguardar algo ansiosamente
I'm looking forward to the Christmas break.
look into something
Investigar
We are going to look into the price of snowboards today.
look out
Ter cuidado
Look out! That car's going to hit you!
look out for someone/something
Ficar especialmente atento a
Don't forget to look out for snakes on the hiking trail.
look something over
Checar, examinar
Can you look over my essay for spelling mistakes?
look something up
Procurar e encontrar informação em um livro de referência ou banco de dados
We can look her phone number up on the Internet.
look up to someone
Ter muito respeito por alguém
My little sister has always looked up to me.
make something up
Inventar, mentir sobre algo
Josie made up a story about why we were late.
make up
Fazer as pazes
We were angry last night, but we made up at breakfast.
make someone up
Maquiar
My sisters made me up for my graduation party.
mix something up
Confundir duas ou mais coisas
I mixed up the twins' names again!
pass away
Morrer
His uncle passed away last night after a long illness.
pass out
Desmaiar
It was so hot in the church that an elderly lady passed out.
pass something out
Entregar a mesma coisa a muitas pessoas
The professor passed the textbooks out before class.
pass something up
declinar (em geral algo bom)
I passed up the job because I am afraid of change.
pay someone back
Devolver dinheiro emprestado
Thanks for buying my ticket. I'll pay you back on Friday.
pay for something
Ser punidor por fazer algo ruim
That bully will pay for being mean to my little brother.
pick something out
Escolher
I picked out three sweaters for you to try on.
point someone/something out
Apontar
I'll point my boyfriend out when he runs by.
put someone down
Insultar, fazer alguém se sentir burro
The students put the substitute teacher down because his pants were too short.
put something off
Postergar
We are putting off our trip until January because of the hurricane.
put something out
Extinguir, apagar
The neighbours put the fire out before the firemen arrived.
put something together
Montar
I have to put the crib together before the baby arrives.
put up with someone/something
Tolerar
I don't think I can put up with three small children in the car.
put something on
Vestir algo (roupas ou acessórios)
Don't forget to put on your new earrings for the party.
run into someone/something
Encontrar inesperadamente
I ran into an old school-friend at the mall.
run over someone/something
Atropelar alguém ou algo
I accidentally ran over your bicycle in the driveway.
run over/through something
Ensaiar, rever
Let's run over/through these lines one more time before the show.
run away
Fugir, escapar
The child ran away from home and has been missing for three days.
run out
Ficar sem algo (porque acabou)
We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash my hair with soap.
send something back
Devolver (geralmente por correio)
My letter got sent back to me because I used the wrong stamp.
set something up
Marcar, organizar
Our boss set a meeting up with the president of the company.
shop around
Comparar preços
I want to shop around a little before I decide on these boots.
show off
Exibir-se
He always shows off on his skateboard
sleep over
Passer a noite em algum lugar (informal)
You should sleep over tonight if the weather is too bad to drive home.
sort something out
Organizar, solucionar um problema
We need to sort the bills out before the first of the month.
stick to something
Continuar a fazer algo, insister em fazer algo
You will lose weight if you stick to the diet.
switch something off
Desligar algo
The light's too bright. Could you switch it off.
switch something on
Ligar algo
We heard the news as soon as we switched on the car radio.
take after someone
Puxar a alguém (as características)
I take after my mother. We are both impatient.
take something apart
Desmontar algo
He took the car brakes apart and found the problem.
take something back
Devolver um objeto
I have to take our new TV back because it doesn't work.
take off
Decolar
My plane takes off in five minutes.
take something off
Tirar algo (geralmente uma roupa)
Take off your socks and shoes and come in the lake!
take someone out
Levar alguém para sair (pagando a conta)
My grandparents took us out for dinner and a movie.
tear something up
Rasgar em pedaços
I tore up my ex-boyfriend's letters and gave them back to him.
think something over
Refletir a respeito de algo
I'll have to think this job offer over before I make my final decision.
throw something away
Jogar algo fora
We threw our old furniture away when we won the lottery.
turn something down
Baixar o volume
Please turn the TV down while the guests are here.
turn something down
Recusar
I turned the job down because I don't want to move.
turn something off
Desligar algo
Your mother wants you to turn the TV off and come for dinner.
turn something on
Ligar algo
It's too dark in here. Let's turn some lights on.
turn something up
Aumentar o volume
Can you turn the music up? This is my favourite song.
turn up
Aparecer de repente
Our cat turned up after we put posters up all over the neighbourhood.
try something on
Experimentar uma roupa       
I'm going to try these jeans on, but I don't think they will fit.
try something out
Experimentar, testar
I am going to try this new brand of detergent out.
use something up
Usar até acabar
The kids used all of the toothpaste up so we need to buy some more.
wake up
Acordar
We have to wake up early for work on Monday.
warm someone/something up
Aquecer
You can warm your feet up in front of the fireplace.
warm up
Aquecer o corpo antes de se exercitar
I always warm up by doing sit-ups before I go for a run.
work out
Malhar, fazer exercícios
I work out at the gym three times a week.
work out
Ter êxito, dar certo
Our plan worked out fine.
work something out
Calcular
We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house.
Fonte: adaptado de http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/phrasal-verbs-list.htm